Peter and Cornelius
And we are witnesses of all that he did, both in the region of the Judeans and in Jerusalem. Him they also killed, hanging him on a tree.
The Greek word *xylon* is rendered "tree" rather than the conventional "cross," as the word means wood, timber, or tree — not a cross-shaped structure. The verb *aneilan* ("they killed") carries a blunt, active force that has been preserved without softening. The witnesses (*martyres*) speak of direct, firsthand testimony to all that was done.
Berean Standard Bible
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39We are witnesses of all that He did, both in the land of the Jews and in Jerusalem. And although they put Him to death by hanging Him on a ξύλον · xylonGreek word meaning wood or tree. Peter and Paul's preferred term — Acts 5:30, Galatians 3:13, 1 Peter 2:24.,
King James Version
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39And we are witnesses of all things which he did both in the land of the Jews, and in Jerusalem; whom they slew and hanged on a ξύλον · xylonGreek word meaning wood or tree. Peter and Paul's preferred term — Acts 5:30, Galatians 3:13, 1 Peter 2:24.:
Goodspeed New Testament
BSB and T4T shown with Greek annotations — · Why we show the Greek →
39We are witnesses of everything that he did in the country of the Jews and in Jerusalem. Yet they put him upon a cross and killed him.
Translation for Translators
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39“We apostles tell people about all the things that we saw Jesus do in Jerusalem and in the rest of Israel. The leaders in Jerusalem had him killed by being nailed to a σταυρός · staurosPrimary classical Greek meaning: upright stake or pole. Liddell-Scott-Jones lexicon, Oxford..
Berean Standard Bible
Goodspeed New Testament
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We are witnesses of all that He did, both in the land of the Jews and in Jerusalem. And although they put Him to death by hanging Him on a ξύλον · xylonGreek word meaning wood or tree. Peter and Paul's preferred term — Acts 5:30, Galatians 3:13, 1 Peter 2:24.,
We are witnesses of everything that he did in the country of the Jews and in Jerusalem. Yet they put him upon a cross and killed him.
Berean Standard Bible
Goodspeed New Testament
King James Version
BSB and T4T shown with Greek annotations — · Why we show the Greek →
We are witnesses of all that He did, both in the land of the Jews and in Jerusalem. And although they put Him to death by hanging Him on a ξύλον · xylonGreek word meaning wood or tree. Peter and Paul's preferred term — Acts 5:30, Galatians 3:13, 1 Peter 2:24.,
We are witnesses of everything that he did in the country of the Jews and in Jerusalem. Yet they put him upon a cross and killed him.
And we are witnesses of all things which he did both in the land of the Jews, and in Jerusalem; whom they slew and hanged on a ξύλον · xylonGreek word meaning wood or tree. Peter and Paul's preferred term — Acts 5:30, Galatians 3:13, 1 Peter 2:24.:
SBL
39
καὶ and καί kaí apparently, a primary particle, having a copulative and sometimes also a cumulative force; and, also, even, so then, too ⸀ ἡμεῖς I ἐγώ egṓ a primary pronoun of the first person I (only expressed when emphatic) I, me μάρτυρες witness μάρτυς mártys a witness (literally (judicially) or figuratively (genitive case)); by analogy, a martyr martyr, record, witness πάντων all πᾶς pâs including all the forms of declension; apparently a primary word; all, any, every, the whole all (manner of, means), alw ὧν who ὅς hós probably a primary word (or perhaps a form of the article G3588 (ὁ)); the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, ἐποίησεν do ποιέω poiéō apparently a prolonged form of an obsolete primary; to make or do (in a very wide application, more or less direct) abid ἔν in ἐν en a primary preposition denoting (fixed) position (in place, time or state), and (by implication) instrumentality (mediall τε and τέ té a primary particle (enclitic) of connection or addition; both or also (properly, as correlation of G2532 (καί)) also, an τῇ the ὁ ho the definite article; the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom) the, this, that, one, he, she, χώρᾳ region χώρα chṓra feminine of a derivative of the base of G5490 (χάσμα) through the idea of empty expanse; room, i.e. a space of territory τῶν the ὁ ho the definite article; the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom) the, this, that, one, he, she, Ἰουδαίων Jewish Ἰουδαῖος Ioudaîos from G2448 (Ἰουδά) (in the sense of G2455 (Ἰούδας) as a country); Judæan, i.e. belonging to Jehudah Jew(-ess), of Judæa ⸀ καὶ and καί kaí apparently, a primary particle, having a copulative and sometimes also a cumulative force; and, also, even, so then, too Ἰερουσαλήμ Jerusalem Ἱερουσαλήμ Hierousalḗm of Hebrew origin (H03389); Hierusalem (i.e. Jerushalem), the capitol of Palestine Jerusalem · ὃν who ὅς hós probably a primary word (or perhaps a form of the article G3588 (ὁ)); the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, καὶ and καί kaí apparently, a primary particle, having a copulative and sometimes also a cumulative force; and, also, even, so then, too ἀνεῖλαν κρεμάσαντες hang up κρεμάννυμι kremánnymi a prolonged form of a primary verb; to hang hang ἐπὶ on ἐπί epí a primary preposition; properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (w ξύλου staff ξύλον xýlon from another form of the base of G3582 (ξέστης); timber (as fuel or material); by implication, a stick, club or xylon (tree / wood) or .
We are witnesses of all that He did, both in the land of the Jews and in Jerusalem. And although they put Him to death by hanging Him on a xylon (tree / wood),
Where the New Testament uses stauros, this site shows the Greek word alongside its primary classical meaning in brackets. Stauros meant stake or upright stake in classical Greek — the Liddell-Scott-Jones lexicon (Oxford University Press) lists this as its first definition, citing Homer and Herodotus. The word itself does not specify material; wood is implied by the context of the era, not encoded in the Greek term.
Where the New Testament uses xylon, this site shows the Greek word alongside its meaning of tree or wood — xylon does specify material, and is already translated as tree by the NIV, ESV, and KJV in Acts 5:30, Galatians 3:13, and 1 Peter 2:24.
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Sources
SBL Greek New Testament (SBLGNT)License
The Greek New Testament: SBL Edition
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